Magnetic device.



C. E. BEACH.

MAGNETIC DEVICE.

APPLICATION FILED luNE 11. 1915.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

THE COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH cn.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

CLARENCE E. BEACH, 0F BINGI-IAMTON, NEXV YORK, ASSIGOR TO GEORGE O. KNAPP, QF NEW YORK, N. Y.

lVIAGrN1li/.EIC DEVICE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 21, 1916.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CLARENCE E. BEACH, a citizen of the United States, residing at Binghamton, in the county of Broome and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Magnetic Devices, of which the following is a speciication.

This invention relates to magnetic devices embodying both electromagnet structure and permanent or constantly magnetized structure, and is particularly adapted for use in connection with the form of magnetic device shown in'my copending application filed May 29th, 1911, Serial No. 629,995, and is a continuation in part of my said application.

An important object of this invention .is to provide a polarized magnetic device in which greater stability of the armature will be obtained during interruptions in current flow in either direction, than is found' in the armatures of polarized magnetic devices heretofore produced.

Other objects are referredto in the following specification and `more fully pointed out in the claims.

This invention may be applied to various forms of an electromagnet structure having ,cores which are suitably connected to a. constantly magnetized structure which may consist of any magnet structure whose direction of magnetization is constant or permanent and the terms permanent magnet7 or permanent magnet structure, as herein used, are intended to include any structure constantly magnetized in one direction. Vhen this invention is so applied, the electromagnet cores are constructed, atb least 1n part, of material which is comparatively retentive of magnetism so that, when the electromagnet structure has been so energized as to cause the armature to move to a certain position, said armature will be more firmly retained in said position during interruptions in the current flow through the electromagnet windings than in magnetic devices heretofore produced for a similar purpose, and, so that, when current h as been flowing through the electromagnet windings in a directionwhich does not tend to cause the armature to move to said position, such current flow may be 'interrupted without subjecting the armature to such attraction v by the lines of force of the permanent mag- -tentive of magnetism.

net structure as would tend to cause the armature to ,move to said position.

In order to obtain the best results, the portion of the permanent and electromagnet structures adjacent to the armature, including the portion of the electromagnet cores extending from the windings toward the armature, should be comparatively non-retentive of magnetism, while having high permeability, and to this end it is desirable that comparatively non-retentive core sections be provided for the portion of the electromagnet cores extending from, or slightly inside of, the windings toward the armature.

For the purpose of enabling this invention to be more readily understood, an `embodiment thereof kis shown in the annexed drawing, which, in the interest of simplicity, shows th-e application of this invention to a relay embodying the invention forming the subject matter of my (zo-pending application filed May 29th, 1911, Serial No. 629,995, but it is evident that this invention is specially adapted for use in various forms of magnetically controlled mechanisms.

`In the annexed drawing, in which similar reference characters denote similar yparts throughout Figure 1 is a side elevation, partially in section, of a relay embodying this invention, and Fig. 2 is a. front elevation thereof.

The electromagnet structure of the relay shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises the electromagnets 2O and 21, having the cores 22 and 23 respectively, which are comparatively re- The ends 24 and 25 of the cores 22 and 23 are carried by a yoke or bar 26 which is preferably non-magnetic, and whilesaid ends 24 and 25 are magnetic poles they are not intended to actas poles upon any armature or magnetic structure, and therefore may be, for want of a better term, called insolated poles or ends.

The electromagnet core sections 27 and 28 are comparatively non-retentive of magnetism and are firmly secured to the retentive core sections 22 and 23 respectively. The sections 27 and 28 extend somewhat inside of the windings of these electromagnets so that as the complete cores formed by the sections 22, 23, 27 and 28 are subjected to magnetization by current flow through the windings in varying directions, the non-retentive sections 27 and 28 will always be inagnetized in conformity with the direction of current How in the windings associated therewith while if the entire electromagnet cores were comparatively retentive of magnetism, the portion of the cores which project toward the armature from the windings might not be reversed when the current flow through the windings was reversed but instead additional consequent poles might be set up ust outside of the effective zone of the windings.

In the interest of clearness, the core sections 27 and 28 are shown in the accompanying drawing and herein described as being constructed of pieces separate from the core sections 22 and 23 respectively, but it is evident that these cores may be constructed in various other ways to obtain the feature of having at least a portion of the electromagnet core comparatively retentive of magnetism while providing a comparatively nonretentive portion adjacent to the armature, therefore the word sections is used in the magnetic sense and not in the mechanical sense in referring to the magnet cores in the following description and claims, and I do not desire or intend to be limited by the use of such word to the particular construction shown.

The armature 29 is carried by the tongue 30, pivoted upon the shaft 3i, and is mounted in such relation to the projecting ends of the core sections 27 and 28 as to form a bridge for lines of force between said ends. A suitable retractile spring 32 is provided, and a back stop 33 is mounted in the path of the tongue 30 so as to suitably limit the travel of the armature 29 away from the ends of the core sections 27 and 28.

The permanent magnetY structure comprises the suitable permanent magnet bar 34, which is suitably secured to and carried by the bars 35 and 36, which are comparatively non-retentive of magnetism, which bars are also secured to the projecting ends of the core sections 27 and 28, respectively, so that the bar 35 forms an eXtension'between one pole of the permanent magnet 34 and the core 27, and the bar 36 forms a similar extension between the other pole of said permanent magnet and the core 28.

The conductors 43 and 44 are connected to ends of the windings of the magnets 2O and 21, respectively, the opposite ends of said windings being connected by the conductor 45. Said windings are so applied that when current is flowing in either direction through the conductors 43 and 44, the core end V24 and the projecting end of the core section 28 will be magnetized in one polarity and the core end 25 and the projecting end of the core section 27 willbe oppositely magnetized.

From the foregoing it is evident that the permanent magnet structure and electromagnet structure, as connected by the eX- tensions 35 and 36, form an anomalous magnet structure, which may be so excited bycurrent flow in one direction through the conductors 43 and 44 that consequent poles will be formed at 27 and 28 through the connection thereat of the poles of the permanent magnet 34, and the cores of the electromagnets 2O and 21, and at the same time a pole will be developed'at the isolated core end 24 similar to the pole at the connected core end of the core section 28 and a pole will be developed at the isolated core end 25 similar to the pole at the connected core end of the core section 27.

When there is a suitable current flow through the conductors 43, 44 in the opposite direction, the poles at 27 and 28 will be neutralized and reverse poles will be developed at the isolatedcore ends 24 and 25.

It will further be seen that, while the armature 29 is' adapted to form a bridge for the lines of force between the connected core ends 2'( 'and 28, and will therefore act re` sponsively to the lines of force which pass through the external field between said core ends, said armature will be unaffected by lines of force which traverse both the permanent magnet structure and the electromagnet structure, as the latter lines of force will not develop free poles in the vicinity of the armature 29, but will pass between the isolated core ends 24 and 25.

The operation of this device is as follows: whenever there is suitable current flow through the conductors 43, 44, 45 for instance, in the direction indicated by the arrow heads on said conductors, consequent poles will be produced at the connected core ends 27 and 28, and the armature 29 will be moved by the pull of said poles to attracted position, against the retractile force of the spring 32 and the friction of the pivot 31. 1f this current liow is thereafter interrupted, consequent poles will be maintained at 27 and 28 by the retained magnetism of the retentive core sections 22 and 23 acting in connection with the poles of the permanent magnet 34, and the armature 29 will thus be securely retained in its attracted position. Upon current flow in the opposite direction, the magnetization of the retentive core sections 22 and 23 and the isolated core ends 24 and 25 will be reversed, and the lines of force induced in the cores of the electromagnets 2O and 21 will tend to pass through the permanent magnet 34 and thus neutralize the consequent poles which had been developed at 27 and 28, provided the current flow through the conductors is not such aswill cause a degree of magnetization of the cores of the electromagnets 20 and 21 which will result in substantial saturation of the magnetic path through said permanent magnet 34. If such reversed current liow is of an intensity which will result in neutralization of the consequent poles at 27 and 2S, the armature will be moved to retracted position by the retractile spring 32. If this current 'How is thereafter interrupted, the lines of force of the permanent magnet 34 will continue to pass through the cores of the electromagnets 20 and 21 because of the retained magnetism in the comparatively retentive sections 22 and 23, which retained magnetism will be of such strength as to assure the passage of all lines of force of both the permanent and electromagnet structures through both of said structures in series and thus excluding the armature from the path of said lines of force so that the armature Will remain in retracted position during all interruptions in such current flow. lf such reversed current flow is of sufficient intensity to so excite said electromagnet structure that the magnetic path through the permanent magnet structure Will become substantially saturated, free poles 'will be developed at 27 and 28, and the armature 29 will be held against retraction during such current flow, but during interruptions or adequate diminutions in said current flow, the magnetization of the cores of the electromagnets 2O and 21 Will be so diminished that all lines of force of said electromagnet will pass through the permanent magnet struc-a ture and that the lines of force of the permanent magnet structure Will continue to pass through the electromagnet cores to the exclusion of the armature, and therefore said armature will be retracted during such interruptions or diminutions in the current flow.

Certain novel features of the magnetic device shown in the annexed drawing and hereinbefore described are disclosed in and form the subject matter of my co-pending application iiled May 29th, 1911, Serial No.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the my name,

629,995, and such features are therefore not herein claimed, but

lll/That I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the TJnited States is z- 1. An anomalous magnet structure comprising a permanent magnet section, an electromagnet section magnetically connected thereto and having a core section Within the Winding thereof which is comparatively retentive of magnetism and a non-retentive core section extending from the Winding thereof, in combination With a movable armature mounted in' suitable relation to said non-retentive core section.

2. An anomalous magnet structure comprising a permanent magnet section, an electromagnet section having a core section Within the Winding thereof which is comparatively retentive of magnetism and a non-retentive core section extending from the winding thereof Which is magnetically connected to the permanent magnet section, in combination With a movable armature mounted in suitable relation to said non-retentive core section.

3. A pair of electromagnets each having a core section Within the Winding thereof Which is comparatively retentive of magnetism and each having a non-retentivecore section extending from the Winding thereof, a permanent magnet having one pole joined to one of said non-retentive core sections and the other pole joined to the other of said non-retentive core sections, and a movable armature mounted in suitable relation to said non-retentive core sections.

In Witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe this 9th day of June, A. D., 1915.

g C. E. BEACH. Witnesses:

CLARK POOL,

M. L. THOMAS.

Commissioner of Patents,

Washington, D. C. 

